Enzymes of Lipid Metabolism

ISBN-13: 9781461590736 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 791 str.

Shimon Gatt

Opis

This book presents the proceedings of the meeting on "Enzymes of Lipid Metabolism" which took place April 18-22, 1977, at the Mont Ste. Odile convent in Alsace, France. The meeting was convened and co-ehaired by P. Mandel and S. Gatt. L. Freysz was general seeretary. They were assisted by an international advisory commit- tee and a loeal organizing committee. The purpose of the meeting was to bring together scientists involved in research on a wide variety of aspeets of lipid metabo- lism and who have a direct interest in the problematies on inter- acting enzymes with lipid substrates. The aim was to emphasize the latter aspect rather than common enzymologieal aspects such as extraetion, purification, and protein strueture. The rpeoeedings included several symposia and four "round-table" discussions. There was also a presentation of posters, whieh were exhibited during the entire duration of the meeting. All partieipants who presented leetures or posters were requested to summarize their findings, whieh were ineluded in the book. Regretfully, the very fruitful discus- sions of the "round-tables" were not included, nor were those held in the informal atmosphere of the court yards of the eonvent, the hiking paths in the Vosges mountains, and the bar. For the purpose of coherence, the editors decided not to adhere to the original order of the lectures. The papers in the book are grouped ae- eording to the classes of enzymes and the types of reaction which they catalyze.

Spis treści

Enzymes Metabolizing Phospholipids: From Infancy to Middle Age (Plenary Lecture).- Enzymes of The Metabolism of Fatty Acids and Neutral Glycerides.- Fatty Acid Biosynthesis during Brain Development.- The Role of Soluble Acyl-Thioester Hydrolase in Fatty Acid Chain-Length Termination in Rabbit Mammary Gland and Liver.- Stereochemical Studies of Hydrogen Incorporation from Nucleotides with Fatty Acid Synthetase from Brevibacterium ammoniagenes.- Cholesterol Oxidase as a Probe for Studying Membrane Composition and Organization.- Adsorption and Activation of Pancreatic Lipase at Interfaces.- Mode of Action of Pancreatic Colipase.- Studies of Lipase and Phospholipase A2 Acting on Lipid Monolayers.- Inhibition of Lipase Adsorption at Interfaces Role of Bile Salts Micelles and Colipase.- Lipases of Rat Brain Microsomes.- Identification and Some Characteristics of the Enzyme Protein of the Hormone-Sensitive Lipase from Rat Adipose Tissue.- Affinity Chromatography on Heparin-Sepharose of Rat Adipose Tissue Triglyceride Lipase from Cytosol.- Enzymes of the Metabolism of Glycerophospholipids.- A) Phospholipases.- Relationship between Structure and Activity of Pancreatic Phospholipase A2.- Kinetic Anomalies Associated with Phospholipase A2 Hydrolysis of Micellar Substrates.- Mechanism of Phospholipase A2 Action Towards Mixed Micelles of Detergent and Phospholipids.- Chemical Modification of Crotalus atrox Phospholipase A2 by Means of a Photolabile Phosphatidylethanolamine Analog.- Phospholipases A of Krebs II Ascites Cells: Specificity, Release and Subcellular Localization.- Phospholipases of Plasmic Membranes of Adipose Tissue. Possible Intermediaries for Insulin Action.- Calcium-Activated Hydrolysis of Triphosphoinositide in Synaptosomes.- The Activity of Phospholipase D on Aggregates of Phosphatidylcholine, Dodecylsulfate and Ca2+.- The Preparation of Phospholipids by Phospholipase.- The Effects of Amphiphilic Compounds on Phosphatidate Metabolism.- B) Biosynthesis.- Choline and Ethanolamine Kinase Activity in the Cytoplasm of Nerve Endings from Rat Forebrain.- The Release of Free Ethanolamine in Rat Brain Homogenates Incubated in Krebs Ringer.- Ethanolamine and Choline Phosphotransferases of Chicken Brain.- Studies of Rat Brain Choline Ethanolamine Phosphotransferases Using Labeled Alkylacylglycerol as Substrate with Evidence for Reversibility of the Reactions.- The Role of Phosphatidylglycerol as a Donor of Phosphatidyl and of sn-Glycerol-l-Phosphate Groups in Biosynthetic Reactions.- Membrane-Bound Base-Exchange Reactions in Animal Tissues.- The “Base-Exchange” Reaction: The Serine Enzyme.- A Study on the Possible Occurrence of Base-Exchange Reactions in Vivo.- The Biosynthesis and Hormonal Regulation of Surfactant Formation.- Properties of a Lysophospholipase-Transacylase from Rat Lung: Its Possible Involvement in the Synthesis of Lung Surfactant.- A Study on the Turnover of Rat Brain Phosphatidic Acid through the Glycerol-Phosphate Pathway.- C) Ether Lipids.- Studies on the Biosynthesis of the O-Alkyl Bond in Glycerol Ether Lipids.- Asymmetric Localization of Alkyldihydroxyacetone-P Synthase and Acyldihydroxyacetone-P Acyltransferase in Microsomal Vesicles.- Studies on Soluble Proteins Stimulating Plamalogen Biosynthesis.- Pathway for Hydrolysis of Plasmalogens in Brain.- Turnover of Molecular Species of Diacyl and Alkyl Ether Phospholipids in Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells.- Enzymes of the Metabolism of Sphingolipids.- A) Neuraminidases.- Neuraminidase Gangliosides Interactions.- Action of Rat Brain Sialidase on Synaptic Membrane Components in situ.- Interaction of Human Brain Neuraminidase with Tritium-Labelled Gangliosides.- Studies on Bovine Brain Membrane-Bound Neuraminidase (Sialidase).- Intraneuronal Distribution of Cytosoluble Neuraminidase in Pig Brain.- B) Sphingomyelinases.- Effect of Detergents on the Utilization of Sphingomyelin by Brain Sphingomyelinases.- Sphingomyelinase of Human Tissues.- C) Glycolipid Hydrolases.- Purification and Partial Characterization of Human Liver ?-Galactosidase: Is ?-Galactosidase B an ?-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase?.- The Identity of ?-Galactosidase B from Liver.- Effect of Detergents on Ceramide-3 Hydrolysis by ?-Galactosidase A.- Specificity of Some Exo- and Endo-?-Galactosidases toward Glycosphingolipids.- Studies of Activity and Stability of Immobilized ?-N-Acetylhexosaminidase.- Affinity Methods for the Purification of Arylsulphatase A.- Existence, Localization and Some Properties of the Activators of Sphingolipid Hydrolases.- Studies on the Function of the Activator of Sulphatase A.- Glucosidase and Glucocerebrosidase Activity in Subcellular Fractions of Rat Spleen.- Inhibitors of ?-Glucosidases of Animal Tissues.- Isolation of Lysosomes from Bovine Brain Tissue. A New Zonal Centrifugation Technique.- D) Biosynthesis.- UDP-Galactose:Ceramide Galactosyltransferase. Kinetic Properties and Effect of Detergents and Phospholipids on the Partially Purified Enzyme of Rat Brain.- Isolation of an Endogenous Inhibitor of Ceramide Glycosyltransferases from Rat Brain.- Cellular Localization of Na+ K+-Dependent ATPase and of the Enzymes of Sulpholipid Metabolism in Rabbit Kidney.- Control of Ganglioside Biosynthesis by a Rate Limiting UMP-ase and Product Ganglioside Inhibition.- Studies on Retinal Ganglioside Metabolism.- Characteristics of the Brain Tissue Disialoganglioside G2a.- Formation of Glycosylated “Proteolipid-Like” Materials during Exogenous Protein Galactosylation by Human Body Fluids.- Enzymatic Aspects of the Lipid Storage Diseases.- Diagnoses of the Sphingolipidoses with Labelled Natural Substrates.- Assay of ?-Glucosidase and Sphingomyelinase for Identification of Patients and Carriers of Gaucher’s and Niemann Pick Diseases.- Hair Root Analysis in Heterozygotes for Fabry’s Disease.- Substrate Specificity of Hexosaminidase A Isolated from the Liver of a Patient with a Rare Form (AB Variant) of Infantile GM2 Gangliosidosis and Control Tissues.- Biochemical Studies in Sphingomyelin Storage Disorders.- Factors that Influence the Uptake and Turnover of Glucocerebrosidase and ?-Galactosidase in Mammalian Liver.- Enzyme Therapy XI: Immunologic Considerations for Replacement Therapy with Unentrapped, Erythrocyte- and Liposome-Entrapped Enzymes.- List of Participants.- Contributor Index.