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Trauma to the midface frequently results in complex fractures of the naso orbitoethmoid(NOE) skeleton that present the greatest diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in facial trauma reconstruction. These injuries are often misdiagnosed and inadequately treated because of the complex anatomy of this region. Treatment of these injuries, and early investigations focused on closed treatment using external nasal dressings after nasal manipulation. Open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) has proved to be an important advance in the management of these fractures and, combined with proper...

The specialty of orthodontics has always been concerned with esthetics; Orthodontics dominated the era of esthetic dentistry for many years-orthodontists were aligning teeth and creating beautiful smiles long before the rest of the dental disciplines. However, despite our patient's esthetic concerns regarding the appliances we used, the best we could offer them were smaller steel brackets and ceramic brackets. Parallel with these developments we entered the age of "Adult orthodontics" and "Patient empowerment." Now patients demand more esthetically acceptable techniques, to which lingual...