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Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF 1) although not a very uncommon tumor presents difficulties in understanding because of lack of in depth knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of the disease at a molecular level, which mainly encompasses knowledge regarding the NF 1 Gene and the protein Neurofibromin.The disease affects several organs in the body and produces a plethora of clinical manifestations. A good percentage of cases also transform into the Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs)thus establishing this entity as a premalignant condition. Hence, this calls for an early and accurate...

Diabetes Mellitus is one of mankind's most common yet least understood diseases which leaves behind a trail of mortality and morbidity if left untreated at an early age.It presents with a spectrum of oral manifestations therefore it is imperative on the part of the oral physician to recognize and treat these manifestations. Also, regular health check ups and periodic monitoring of blood sugar levels is essential to enable a person lead a normal life.

Oral submucous fibrosis or OSMF is a well recognised potentially malignant disorder with a high frequency in South East asian countries, primarily due to the habit of areca nut chewing. Continued unchecked, this disorder leads to increasing degrees of morbidity primarily manifesting as progressive reduction in mouth opening.This disorder also possesses malignant potential.Hence this calls for an early diagnosis and effective treatment as well as patient counselling to quit the habit of areca nut chewing.

Oral Fungal Infections have not received the importance they deserve primarily owing to the general belief that they are easily and rapidly curable.Candida albicans was the most researched pathogen among various candida species until recently.However, other potential dangers are now lurking around, especially candida dubliniensis.It has now come to light that Candida infections could be life threatening. The systemic manifestations of Candidiasis and the methods to diagnose and treat the same also receive attention in the present treatise.