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Botulinum toxin (BoNT)is a powerful neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Its mechanism of action consists of the induction of a temporary muscle paralysis through the inhibition of the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. In this book, the authors discuss the uses and complications of botulinum toxin. Topics include the potential therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin in pain management and human epilepsy; a review of the efficacy and safety of currently available products; lower facial contouring with botulinum toxin; BoNT in urology, facial palsy,...

Endocrine glands may be involved in patients with thalassemia major. In the last 20 years, new therapies have significantly improved life expectancy, while several endocrine abnormalities have been described in children, adolescents, and young adults suffering from thalassemia major.
The practical objective of this book is to establish guidelines for the management of endocrine disorders underlying the various phases of thalassemic life. Internationally acknowledged experts give a state-of-the-art account of physiopathological and therapeutical approaches to endocrine disorders in...