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The Friend retroviral (FV) model is used here to investigate the role of CD4 T (Th) cells in recovery from acute FV infection. Depletion of Th cells in high recovery mice leads to fatal erythroleukemia owing to high viral load. CD8 T-cell dependent early recovery from FV infection is Th cell-independent but long-term maintenance of effector and memory CD8 T cells requires Th cell help. Moreover, Th cell help is essential for production of neutralizing antibodies by B cells in response to FV. The peak FV-specific Th cell responses is far greater in magnitude in high recovery mice than...