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Chloride-induced corrosion is one of the most imperative durability issues in a RC structure and causes enormous economic loss to society. For reinforced-concrete structures in aquatic environments, it is known that the wetting-and-drying cycle region is generally the most spoiled region instead of the region submerged in seawater and is frequently saturated. Among various performance influencing parameters, chloride ingression is selected here for modeling. Various research papers of different authors in the field of chloride ingress have been reviewed and it has been found that Fick's...

Molecular biology is a rapidly developing field of science. Advancements in molecular biology have helped various other fields including medicine and dentistry to go molecular. Since the introduction of molecular biology in orthodontics and the identification of genes associated with growth and development the focus has shifted towards a personalized treatment approach. The genes which have been linked to malocclusions and developmental disorders can serve as targets for an individual based treatment. Researchers have also been able to discover the molecules involved in orthodontic tooth...

Relationship between dental malocclusion and TMD has been discussed in dentistry for over half a century. Orthodontists have been on receiving end of critics as they were blamed for changing the existing occlusal environment, affecting the TMJ. In light of present research orthodontist can take solace in the fact that these and other dental misfortunes donot necessarily find their etiology in Orthodontic treatment. The orthodontists concern with the TMJ is generally at a time of life when the patient is still young and ordinarily not subject to disease processes which may later affect it and...