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SUMMARY A total of 204 clinical specimens were collected from patients primarily diagnosed as having impetigo while attending dermatology unit at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Duhok City from November 2008 to April 2009. An inverse relationship of was observed between the incidence of infection and age, Since the highest percentage (36.76%) was observed in the age group few months to 5 years, then decreased with the increase of age to 3.43% at the age of 65 years. Only 85 isolates (41.66%) of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and identified using enrichment, selective media, and...

Production of -lactamase enzymes that break down the structural -lactam ring of penicillin-like drugs considered as a predominant mechanism of bacterial resistance to -lactam antibiotics. Extended- spectrum - Lactamases (ESBLs) have been found in many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, but they are most common in nosocomial isolates of K. pneumoniae. Bacteriocins are antibacterial proteins produced by bacteria. The bacteriocins (klebocins) of K. pneumoniae are closely related to the colicin family. Although K. pneumoniae is one of the well known bacterial species in which the ESBLs and...