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A Charge pump circuit provides a voltage that is higher than the voltage of the power supply or a voltage of reverse polarity. Increased voltage levels are obtained in a charge pump as a result of transferring charges to a capacitive load, and do not involve amplifiers or regular transformers. Charge pumps usually operate at a high- frequency level in order to increase their output power within a reasonable size of total capacitance used for charge transfer. This operating frequency may be adjusted by compensating for changes in the power requirements and saving the energy delivered to the...

One of the major issues in the design of SRAMs is the memory access time (or speed of read operation). For having high performance SRAMs, it is essential to take care of the read speed both in the cell-level design and in the design of a clever sense amplifier. Sense amplifiers are one of the most critical circuits in the organization of CMOS memories. Their performance strongly influences both memory access time and overall memory power consumption. High density memories commonly come with increased bit line parasitic capacitance. These large capacitance slow down voltage sensing and...