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Friedrich Hecker (1811 1881) lived the first half of his life in the Grand Duchy of Baden, a small state in southern Germany. He was a major leader of a rebellion on behalf of the German republican movement in 1848, but his defeat forced him into exile in America. There he spent the second half of his life as a farmer in southern Illinois, helping to found the Republican Party and campaigning among his countrymen in local and national elections. During the Civil War he served bravely, fighting in some of the most important battles. Although much better known in Germany than in America, he...

Studies on exile in the 19th century tend to be restricted to national histories. This volume is the first to offer a broader view by looking at French, Italian, Hungarian, Polish, Czech and German political refugees who fled to England after the European revolutions of 1848/49. The contributors examine various aspects of their lives in exile such as their opportunities for political activities, the forms of political cooperation that existed between exiles from different European countries on the one hand and with organizations and politicians in England on the other and, finally, the...

Studies on exile in the 19th century tend to be restricted to national histories. This volume is the first to offer a broader view by looking at French, Italian, Hungarian, Polish, Czech and German political refugees who fled to England after the European revolutions of 1848/49. The contributors examine various aspects of their lives in exile such as their opportunities for political activities, the forms of political cooperation that existed between exiles from different European countries on the one hand and with organizations and politicians in England on the other and, finally, the...