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This book explores musical and personal experiences of three Sudanese women performers and analyzes textual meanings of a particular type of women's songs in Sudan called "aghani al-banaat." Because there are many discourses about "womanhood," culture, and gender in Sudan, aghani al-banaat could stand as another narrative for negotiating gender/power relations and identity formation by the Sudanese women. Despite being labeled as "loose" and "bad" singing, aghani al-baanat provided a discursive space through which the Sudanese women voiced their alternative narratives of social and gender...

Content-oriented XML retrieval has been receiving increasing interest due to the widespread use of eXtensible Markup Language (XML), which is becoming a standard document format on the Web, in digital libraries, and publishing. By exploiting the enriched source of syntactic and semantic information that XML markup provides, XML information retrieval (IR) systems aim to implement a more focused retrieval strategy and return document components, so-called XML elements instead of complete documents in response to a user query. This focused retrieval approach is of particular bene't for...

The ultimate goal of many information access systems (e.g., digital libraries, the Web, intranets) is to provide the right content to their end-users. This content is increasingly a mixture of text, multimedia, and metadata, and is formatted according to the adopted -W3C standard for information repositories, the so-called eXtensible Markup L- guage (XML). Whereas many of today's information access systems still treat do- ments as single large (text) blocks, XML offers the opportunity to exploit the internal structure of documents in order to allow for more precise access thus providing more...