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Rutger Hoekstra examines the complex relationship between the monetary economy and the materials flows that are extracted and emitted by economic activities. These physical flows are responsible for many important environmental problems such as unsustainable resource depletion, waste production and climate change. This book discusses, applies and improves upon techniques which link the monetary and physical economies for environmental analyses. The book uses two sources of analysis: the physical input-output table (PIOT), a macro-economic account for the physical economy, recording material...

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the world's dominant indicator, yet it is well known that it is not a good measure of society's wellbeing or sustainability. For decades, beyond-GDP alternatives have been conceived but with negligible impact. Hoekstra proposes a new strategy for the beyond-GDP community which aims to replace the GDP paradigm by 2030.