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Since last two decades, the excessive and broad spectral usage of pesticides has achieved remarkable momentum in agriculture dependant countries like Pakistan. Pesticides are undoubtedly considered as a group of toxic chemicals that are introduced into the environment; most of which include insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides and fumigants. These toxic compounds have some residues which retain in environment and not only contaminate it, but also develop resistance in target organisms against these chemicals. Frequent and repeated application of insecticides generally reduces...

The present study was designed to investigate the efficacy of four classes of insecticides: pyrethroids, organophosphates, phenyl-pyrazoles and neo-nicotenoids, which were tested for their LC50 values against three strains of Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) under topical and contact glass jar methods. Strain 1 was found to be highly resistant while least resistant was strain 3 with very low LC50 values for all insecticides. Imidacloprid 5%SC was highly effective at all concentrations applied for topical and glass jar methods, while DDVP 50% EC was least toxic for both methods. One way ANOVA...

The present study deals with the damages caused by subterranean termites with the help of survey of infested houses in Lahore. Results of the survey have been made on the basis of most important destructive termite species in various parts of the city, classification of damage in different structures, and counter measures adopted against termite infestation.Feeding activity of Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) was also observed against commercial timbers of Pakistan under Laboratory conditions in Modified Wood Block Test. Foraging activity and territory of Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann) in Jallo...