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This book is an introduction to the application of computer simulation and theory in the study of the interaction of energetic particles (1 ev to the MeV range) with solid surfaces. The authors describe methods that are applicable both to hard collisions between nuclear cores of atoms down to soft interactions, where chemical effects or long-range forces dominate. The range of potential applications of the technique is enormous. In surface science, applications include surface atomic structure determination using ion scattering spectroscopy or element analysis using SIMS or other techniques...

There is an impasse in current thinking about youth crime and justice, represented by punitive and harmful practices, and liberal objections to these processes on the other, based predominantly on arguments for 'rehabilitation'. This book aims to arrive at an alternative strategy for resolving the tensions between young people - especially those on and beyond the margins - and the social world which frames their lives.

The book is split into three sections:

• Part 1 focuses on young people, their attitudes and behaviour;
• Part 2 considers the way in which their...