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Electricity transmission began with direct current. In 1880, Edison patented the first DC distribution system. That DC system was vital to broaden the use of his most famous invention, the electric lamp. However, at that time, low-voltage DC was proven inefficient. Despite the success of AC systems, the efforts for the development of practical high-voltage direct current transmission (HVDC) continued. The first HVDC transmission system was built in Sweden, in 1954, using mercury-arc valves. Nowadays, modern voltage-source converters (VSC) have smaller space requirements and improved...