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Metagraphs and Their Applications is a presentation of metagraph theory and its applications that begins by defining a metagraph and its uses. They are more complex than a simple graph structure, but they allow for representation and analysis of more complex systems. The material contained in this book is presented in two parts. The first develops the theoretical results with the emphasis on the development of a metagraph algebra. In the second part of the book, four promising applications of metagraphs are examined: modeling of data relations; the modeling of decision models; the modeling of...

The U.S. and other developed nations are undergoing a transition from a paper econ- omy to a digital economy, not unlike the transition from an oral exchange economy to a physically recorded (clay, papyrus) exchange economy that took place several millennia ago. As with the earlier transition, a change in the medium for recording and reporting transactions (i.e., from oral to written, from written to electronic) is bringing about a significant change in the economic and social system in which they are imbedded. The oral-to-written transition eventually gave us the concepts of property rights,...

This study provides an accessible and authoritative account of poverty and deviance during the early modern period, informed by those new perspectives on the role of the poor themselves in the provision of welfare services characteristic of much recent social history. Contrary to the once-traditional historical emphasis on the ameliorative role of individual reformers, Professor JUtte's account looks much more closely at the poor themselves, and the complex network of social and communal relationships they inhabited.