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Die philosophische Frage nach der Seele gehört zu den ältesten und zugleich aktuellsten Themen der Philosophie. Bis heute ist keineswegs geklärt, was das Seelische bzw. Geistige ausmacht und wie es sich zum Physischen verhält. Dies belegen die gegenwärtigen Kontroversen zwischen Neurowissenschaft und Philosophie über menschliche Willensfreiheit. §Der Band präsentiert die wirkungsmächtigsten Positionen zum Begriff der Seele von der Antike bis zur Neuzeit und diskutiert darüber hinaus aktuelle Problemlagen der Bewußtseinsphilosophie. Alle Beiträge stammen von international...

Against the backdrop of fanatic religious conflict and conscious of the blossoming of the exact sciences in the 17^th century, Spinoza developed one of the most audacious projects in the history of philosophy: Ethics, Demonstrated in Geometrical Order. This book analyzes each of the five parts of Spinoza's book in three separate essays, along with an introduction that presents the ambitions and historical impact of the Ethics.

Against the background of religious wars and in full knowledge of the relevance of the new exact sciences of the the seventeenth-century, Spinoza developed one of the most ambitious projects in the history of philosophy: his Ethics written in geometrical style. It is a book that deals with ontology, epistemology, human emotions, as well as with freedom and bondage of individuals and societies, in one continuous line of argument. At the same time, the book combines the highest standards of conceptual and argumentative clarity with a wisdom that is saturated with the experience of life....

Protists are fascinating organisms that have diversified and protozoologists. For example, phycologists use the evolutionarily to inhabit most of the biosphere. Their term "basal body" while protozoologists use "kine tosome"; mycologists were indifferent and used both cytoskeleton is the primary reason that such a diver sification is possible. Microtubules provided freedom terms from the constraint of prokaryotic cell walls and they As knowledge increased, it became more and more were organized in various cytoskeletal configurations. apparent that the organisms studied in the classical The...