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This book contains lecture notes from most of the courses presented at the 50th anniversary edition of the Seminaire de Mathematiques Superieure in Montreal. This 2011 summer school was devoted to the analysis and geometry of metric measure spaces, and featured much interplay between this subject and the emergent topic of optimal transportation. In recent decades, metric measure spaces have emerged as a fruitful source of mathematical questions in their own right, and as indispensable tools for addressing classical problems in geometry, topology, dynamical systems, and partial differential...

This paper quantifies the speed of convergence and higher-order asymptotics of fast diffusion dynamics on $mathbf^n$ to the Barenblatt (self similar) solution. Degeneracies in the parabolicity of this equation are cured by re-expressing the dynamics on a manifold with a cylindrical end, called the cigar. The nonlinear evolution becomes differentiable in Holder spaces on the cigar. The linearization of the dynamics is given by the Laplace-Beltrami operator plus a transport term (which can be suppressed by introducing appropriate weights into the function space norm), plus a finite-depth...