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This unique volume reviews more than fifty years of theoretical and experimental developments of the concept that properties of atomic nuclei up to a great extent are defined by the pair correlations of nuclear constituents — protons and neutrons. Such correlations in condensed matter are responsible for quantum phenomena on a macroscopic level — superfluidity and superconductivity. After introducing Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory of superconductivity of metals, it became clear that atomic nuclei have properties of superfluid drops, and practically all features of nuclei...

Aage Bohr (19222009) was the central artificer of the unification of the independent (shell)- and of the collective (liquid drop)-models of the atomic nucleus. This unification constitutes the basis of what can be called the second discovery of the atomic nucleus, for which Aage Bohr and his close collaborator Ben Mottelson co-shared the 1975 Nobe

The last few years have seen great progress in the understanding of nuclei far from stability, i.e. nuclei with a composition that differs radically from that of the stable nuclei that we encounter in Nature. It has become clear that the study of exotic nuclear species reveals many new phenomena, which may make us go back, armed with new insight, to more familiar nuclear systems. The proceedings at the 4th course of the International School of Heavy Ion Physics — Exotic Nuclei, containing the lectures and seminars by world specialists in the field, cover some of the central themes of the...

Major developments have taken place during the last few years in the study of the nuclear paradigm as a result of recent detector and accelerator developments, and of improved theoretical models.The active use of 4-π detectors to measure the gamma decay of excited nuclei has been instrumental in exploring the consequences of extremely high rotational frequencies and excitation energies in the nuclear structure. The identification of superdeformed bands, of limiting temperature for the detection of giant resonances, and of rotational damping, are conspicuous examples of this novel type of...