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The rehabilitation of the offender in the community is today an integral part
of many criminal justice jurisdictions. This book takes a step back and describes
how this modern aspect of criminal justice was introduced in England
and Wales. At one level it is a history of criminal justice in England and Wales,
at another an account of how shifting psychological and social work discourses
became applied to the offender. It describes how modern beliefs in
the treatment of the criminal arrived. The work uses archive material to show
how policy and practice debates were resolved and the uneven and...

The End of the Rod describes the tortuous steps that led to the abolition of corporal punishment as a sentence of the courts in England and Wales in 1948. It seeks to give voice to the key actors in the process: civil servants and politicians, along with those actually inflicting and experiencing that corporal punishment. It uses a variety of archival material and original sources to achieve this. The account begins in the late nineteenth century and traces debates, negotiations, and manoeuvring from then to the legislation of 1948. The work then looks at the consequences of that abolition...

Rehabilitation and Probation in England and Wales, 1876-1962 draws on a wide range of archive material to describe the arrival of a modern probation service. Focusing on the first half of the twentieth century, it describes the debates, conflicts and compromises that resulted in the creation of a state sponsored, centrally controlled, professional, secular, social work and psychological based agency. Following a chronological structure, Ray Gard explores the arrival of the so-called period of 'penal optimism', showing how rehabilitation arrived in the courts of England and Wales. The...