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The anastomotic technique plays a predominant role in gastrointestinal surgery. A feared complication is leakage due to the sutures. Such leakage cannot be detected early; consequently, infection spreads locally and systemically. An anastomotic method is generally evaluated according to its rate of leakage, related to the localization, bur real scientific comparisons, i.e., controlled studies, are almost totally lack ing. The criteria of evaluation include the type of suture, the localization, the auxiliary technical tools, practicability, the different forms of wound healing, angiogenesis,...

Biofragmentable anastomoses rings represent a fascinating concept: Stan dardization of anastomoses, secure technique in application, expulsion of the material without residuals. In addition, one single technique allows to perform the classical end to end, end to side, and side to side anastomoses in most areas of the gastrointestinal tract, without any auxiliary tool. This means a great advantage of practicability. Controlled studies evidenced that the rate of complications is very small for the intestinal tract. Therefore, it is important to establish the localization for present indication...

Presents recent developments in immunology and the impact of the treatment of infections in critical care and surgery. The impact of a standard treatment such as antibiotic therapy is evaluated and possible future therapy modalities are outlined.

Preclinical experimental transplantation research that is based on microsurgical models in rats fulfills two indispensable conditions for modern organ transplanta tion research: Almost all organ grafts can be performed on the rat with an amount of technical effort that is still justifiable. Thus transplantation models that are analogous to human organ transplantation can be developed, tested, and evaluated. This fulfills a necessary condition from the standpoint of surgery. With the species rat, we have a great variety of genetically different inbred strains. From the immunological point of...