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Acanthocephala the thorny-headed worms are one of the important parasites of vertebrates including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Several species are also reported from humans. This communication deals with a world record of acanthocephala of more than 200 years. A complete list of species belonging to various genera and families is given. Representative diagrams of each of the families are provided. In addition, structures of eggs, developmental stages and anatomical features are also included. This is the first comprehensive record of acanthocephala from 1775 to 1998. This...

Tissue damage in the liver and intestine of viper snake by nematodes and in the intestine of cobra by an acanthocephala is described here. These snakes were naturally infected with the parasites. Study of tissue sections revealed that the nematodes in the liver of viper cause severe damage including destruction of general architecture, atrophy and fibrosis. Lobular configuration of liver was disturbed, coagulated necrosis has occurred, melanomacrophage centers appeared. Bile duct hyperplasia with marked colangiohepatitis was observed. In the intestine the nematode caused fusion and...