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This work offers a comprehensive reference guide to help clinicians in the field of Internal Medicine address common aspects of endocrinology in their daily practice. Aspects connected to critically ill and elderly patients are also examined, helping to enhance daily interactions with the most fragile populations observed in clinical medicine.

The liver is a vital organ involved in numerous metabolic processes such as cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, biliary lipid secretion, and bile formation. Cholesterol balance across the liver has a crucial effect on influencing plasma total and LDL cholesterol levels and biliary cholesterol concentrations. Cholesterol and bile acid biosyntheses are primarily modulated by negative feedback regulatory mechanisms through the sterol regulatory element-binding protein isoform 2 (SREBP-2) and the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) pathways, respectively. The conversion of cholesterol to bile acids in...