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Who first conceived the idea that someday computers would "think" in ways that one could not distinguish from a human? Perhaps it was Alan Turing. Born in 1912, this British mathematician, cryptanalyst (in World War II), computer scientist and marathon runner, created the concept and first model of a general purpose computer. It became known as the Turing Machine. More germane to this book is his prediction that computers would someday "think" so similarly to humans, that if a problem was posed to a human in one room, and a computer in another, the questioner could not distinguish from which...