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Urodynamic evaluation of the incontinent female has come of age. It is no longer accept able to subject women to surgical procedures for urinary incontinence based solely on the physician's clinical impression of the cause of the urine loss. Multiple studies in the uro gynecological literature have told us that the error rate for stress incontinence is about 25% and the error rate for the unstable bladder is 50% when these diagnoses are based solely on historical data obtained from the patient. Unfortunately the patient is a poor witness to her bladder's activities and diagnoses arrived at...

There has been an exponential growth in international environmental treaty-making over the past fifty years, to the point of `treaty congestion' - with a total of more than 1,300 multilateral (global and regional) agreements on the topic and close to 3,000 bilateral ones currently in force. The collection of seminal articles assembled in this volume address this phenomenon from a variety of disciplinary perspectives: international law, political science, and `ecological economics'. The objective of this collection is comparative analysis, with a view to identifying common features and common...

Heavily illustrated for clear navigation and understanding of anatomical sites, surgical techniques, and reconstructive procedures, this reference studies the surgical and nonsurgical evaluation and management of various disorders affecting female urinary and pelvic health-collecting valuable recommendations, guidelines, and best practices from over 100 skilled authorities for expert guidance in the treatment of urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and other dysfunctions.