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This book represents the first comprehensive treatment of the subject, covering the theoretical principles, present experimental status and important applications of short-pulse laser-matter interactions.Femtosecond lasers have undergone dramatic technological advances over the last fifteen years, generating a whole host of new research activities under the theme of “ultrafast science”. The focused light from these devices is so intense that ordinary matter is torn apart within a few laser cycles. This book takes a close-up look at the exotic physical phenomena which arise as a...

This book examines the physical phenomena which occur when light from short-pulse lasers interacts with material in gaseous, liquid or solid forms. The huge concentration of photon energy within the laser ensures that ordinary matter is torn apart within a few cycles, giving way to a host of exotic physical effects such as multiphoton ionization, particle acceleration by plasma waves, relativistic self-channeling and high harmonic generation. These processes are central to a number of emerging applications of high-power laser technology, such as hadron therapy, X-ray flash-lamps and...

Studying the dynamics of a large number of particles interacting through long-range forces, commonly referred to as the "N-body problem," is a central aspect of many different branches of physics. In recent years, physicists have made significant advances in the development of fast N-body algorithms to deal efficiently with such complex problems. This book gives a thorough introduction to these so-called "tree methods," setting out the basic principles and giving many practical examples of their use. The authors assume no prior specialist knowledge, and they illustrate the techniques...