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Cornelius Nary was known for having elegant manners but is remembered for creating turbulence, as this penetrating biography tells.Born in County Kildare and educated at the Irish College in Paris, Nary was a high-profile Catholic figure during the Penal Law period in early 18th century Ireland. As parish priest of St Michan's in Dublin for 40 years he stood as a public intellectual and campaigner. His controversial texts led him into a number of clashes with the Protestant hierarchy, and he caused ire in the Vatican. In 1702 he was imprisoned in Dublin Castle under Penal Law. His most...

At the close of the 1970s, the two-domain classification scheme long used by most biologists--prokaryotes versus eukaryotes--was upended by the discovery of an entirely new group of organisms: archaea. Initially thought to be bacteria, these single-celled microbes--many of which were first found in seemingly unlivable habitats like the volcanic hot springs of Yellowstone National Park--were in fact so different at molecular and genetic levels as to constitute a separate, third domain beside bacteria and eukaryotes. Their discovery sparked a conceptual revolution in our understanding of the...