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Rice-Wheat cropping system covers about 11 m ha in India, is the backbone of India's food security. This cropping system produces as high as 12.8 to 17.0 t/ha/annum at different levels of cultivation and is highly nutrient depleting but the factors responsible for success of this system are good economic return, market infrastructural support and very little risk making increasingly popular with the farmers over the years. The introduction of the non-sensitive, input responsive, relatively early maturing varieties of rice and wheat in the mid 60's enabled farmers to intensify land use and...

The use of natural enemies in biological control system is an emerging approach to reduce populations of harmful organisms. Though, predators are known to reduce the survival and fecundity of their prey, but on a higher level of organization, the populations of predator and prey species interact with each other. The predators depend on prey for its survival. In natural ecosystem, ladybird beetles and hoverflies are examples of predators that can help in reducing the population of aphids, coccids, thrips, whiteflies etc. The aphids are considered as important pest of different commercial...