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In recent decades, there has been a considerable growth in the activities of international tribunals and the establishment of new tribunals. Furthermore, supervisory bodies established to control compliance with treaty obligations have adopted decisions in an increasing number of specific cases. National courts further add to the practice of adjudication of claims based on international law. While this increasing practice of courts and supervisory bodies strengthens the adjudicatory process in international law, this development also poses challenges to the unity of international law. Most of...

Environmental taxes, relatively new legal instruments, will likely constitute an essential part of countries' efforts to avoid environmental degradation. This work analyses inconsistencies in various categories of environmental taxes and the non-discrimination provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 and how such conflicts can be resolved within the existing rules. As non-discrimination obligations are fundamental rules in the multilateral trading system, such potential conflicts carry great importance, both for the regime for the liberalisation of international trade and...

In recent decades, there has been a considerable growth in the activities of international tribunals and the establishment of new tribunals. Furthermore, supervisory bodies - established to control compliance with treaty obligations - have adopted decisions in an increasing number of cases. National courts further add to the practice of adjudication of claims based on international law. While this increasing practice of courts and supervisory bodies strengthens the adjudicatory process in international law, it also poses challenges to the unity of international law. Most of these courts...