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Slowness of movement ("bradykinesia") is the most important deficit in Parkinsons disease (PD). Current clinical rating of bradykinesia in PD does not separate the dimensions of slowness and amplitude reduction. We categorized patterns of movement in PD patients on a biaxial classification of speed and amplitude using an electromagnetic tracking device (Polhemus) seeking to determine whether these categories may differentially contribute to motor impairment and disability. Motor impairment was worst in patients with very impaired amplitude and best in patients with normal ...

An understanding of statistical thermodynamic molecular theory is fundamental to the appreciation of molecular solutions. This complex subject has been simplified by the authors with down-to-earth presentations of molecular theory. Using the potential distribution theorem (PDT) as the basis, the text provides a discussion of practical theories in conjunction with simulation results. The authors discuss the field in a concise and simple manner, illustrating the text with useful models of solution thermodynamics and numerous exercises. Modern quasi-chemical theories that permit statistical...