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The advent of colonialism and apartheid, witnessed the formation of early African Initiated Churches as a protest against colonialism. Amongst one of the earliest of such Christian churches was the Johane Masowe Chishanu (JMC) which was founded in the then Salisbury (now Harare) in 1931 by a Zimbabwean called Shonhiwa Masedza. Masedzas missionary work spread as far as South Africa, the now Zambia, Congo, the now Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), now Tanzania, Botswana, Kenya and Mozambique. He established prominent centres with a following of over half a million in all the nine countries...

This research sought to examine the role of the opposition political formations in Zimbabwe in facilitating changes between 1999 and 2008, which was the period that saw political activism rising beyond the expectations of the government. Apparently, all the other parties had been either neutralized or banned before posing any threat to ZANU PF government. The research that was influenced by the Gramscian Model of Hegemony intended to establish whether the opposition parties were necessary in Zimbabwean politics in as far as influencing democracy is concerned. The study had been necessitated...