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The Soweto uprising was a true turning point in South Africa's history. Even to contemporaries, it seemed to mark the beginning of the end of apartheid. This compelling book examines both the underlying causes and the immediate factors that led to this watershed event. It looks at the crucial roles of Black Consciousness ideology and nascent school-based organizations in shaping the character and form of the revolt. What began as a peaceful and coordinated demonstration rapidly turned into a violent protest when police opened fire on students. This short history explains the uprising and its...

Until the end of World War I, urban growth in Johannesburg proceeded haphazardly. But under the impact of a wave of militant struggles by black workers the state became determined to better manage the movement of Africans into the urban areas.

The growing demand for housing led the government to establish Orlando in 1931, and thousands of African families were evicted from urban slums in and around the city centre and moved there. The authorities described this as a "model native township" that was supposedly planned along the lines of a garden city. The new location, it promised, would...

The Soweto Student Uprising of 1976 was a decisive moment in the struggle against apartheid. Drawing on research and writing by leading scholars and prominent activists, Students Must Rise takes Soweto `76 as its pivot point, but looks at student and youth activism in South Africa more broadly by considering what happened before and beyond the Soweto moment.

Thirteen original chapters by major scholars examine different aspects of the ICU's record in the 1920s and 1930s, assessing its achievements and its failures in relation to the post-apartheid present. In its syndicalist One Big Union approach to protecting workers' rights; its emphasis on economic freedoms; its internationalism; and its robust protection of women and migrant workers, the ICU challenged fundamentally the axioms, tactics, and programmes of rival organisations like the African National Congress. More than simply an exercise in excavating a crucial chapter in struggle history,...