Modern Aspects of Small-Angle Scattering

ISBN-13: 9780792332510 / Angielski / Twarda / 1994 / 463 str.

Nato Advanced Study Institute on Modern; Advanced Study Institute Nato Advanced Study Institute; H. Brumberger

Opis

The technique of smal1-angle soattering (SAS) is now about sixty years o1d. Soon after the first observations of, a continuous, intense X-ray scattering near the primary beam from samp1es such as canbo: tt, bla: cks, it was recognized that this scattering arose from e1ectron density heterogeneities on a scale of severa tens to severa hundred times the wave1ength of the radiation used. By the time the classic monograph of Guinier and Foumet appeared in 1955, much of the basic theory and instrumentation had been developed, and applications to colloidal suspensions, macromolecular solutions inc1uding proteins and viruses, fibers, porous and finely divided solids, metallic alloys etc. numbered in the hundreds. Following severa specialized meetings, the first international conference on small-ang1e X-ray scattering was helditi, Syracuse in 1965, marked by the presentation of new scattering theory for polydisperse systems, polymer coils and filaments, new instrumentation (the Bonse-Hart camera), and new applications to polymeric, biologica , and metallic systems, to critica phenomena and to catalysts. The second conference (Graz, 1970) no longer dealt exclusively with X ray scattering, but also inc1uded neutron small-angle scattering (SANS). SANS applications developed rapidly during this period, especially for studying synthetic and biologica macromolecules, when the possibilities of exploiting scattering Iength density differences, created by selective deuteration, were recognized.

Spis treści

Preface. 1. Some Fundamental Concepts and Techniques Useful in Small-Angle Scattering Studies of Disordered Solids; P.W. Schmidt. 2. Instrumentation for Small-Angle Scattering; J.S. Pedersen. 3. Reduction of Data from SANS Instruments; A.R. Rennie. 4. Modern Methods of Data Analysis in Small-Angle Scattering and Light Scattering; O. Glatter. 5. Grazing Incidence Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering: Application to Layers and Surface Layers; A. Naudon. 6. Anomalous Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering (ASAXS); A. Naudon. 7. Contrast Variation; H.B. Stuhrmann. 8. Metals and Alloys: Phase Separation and Defect Agglomeration; G. Kostorz. 9. The Anisotropy of Metallic Systems -- Analysis of Small-Angle Scattering Data; A.D. Sequeira, G. Kostorz. 10. Characterization of Porosity in Ceramic Materials by Small-Angle Scattering: VYCOR® Glass and Silica Aerogel; D.W. Schaefer, R.K. Brow, B.J. Olivier, T. Rieker, G. Beaucage, L. Hrubesh, J.S. Lin. 11. Small-Angle Scattering of Catalysts; H. Brumberger. 12. Thermodynamic and Scattering Properties of Dense Fluids of Monodisperse Isotropic Particles: an Information Theory Approach; V. Luzzati. 13. Small-Angle Scattering from Complex Fluids; E.W. Kaler. 14. Small-Angle Neutron Scattering of Biological Macromolecular Complexes Consisting of Proteins and Nucleic Acids; R.P. May. 15. X-Ray and Neutron Small-Angle Scattering on Plasma Lipoproteins; P. Laggner. 16. Time-Resolved X-Ray Small-Angle Diffraction with Synchrotron Radiation on Phospholipid Phase Transitions. Pathways,Intermediates and Kinetics; P. Laggner, M. Kriechbaum. 17. Polymers in Solution-Flow Techniques; P. Lindner. 18. Bulk Polymers; A.R. Rennie. Index.