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Membrane Computing (P Systems) is an emergent and promising branch of Natural Computing. Designing P Systems is a heavy difficult problem. Until now there is no tool exists that can help in designing of P systems. This book shows how to use clonal selection algorithm with adaptive mutation in the design of P systems. In Addition the book proposes a Membrane-Immune algorithm that is inspired from the structure of living cells and the vertebrate immune system. The algorithm is tested by solving the Multiple Zero/One Knapsack Problem. The Membrane-Immune algorithm surpassed two variants of...

The study of artificial immune systems is a relatively new field that tries to exploit the mechanisms of the natural immune system (NIS) in order to develop problem-solving techniques. In this book, we have combined the artificial immune system with the genetic algorithms in one hybrid algorithm. The hybrid algorithm used for evolving a fuzzy rule system to solve the well known Wisconsin Breast Cancer Diagnosis problem (WBCD). The hybrid algorithm overcomes both the GAs and the AIS, so that it reached the classification ratio 97.36, by only one rule, in the earlier generations than the two...

Membrane computing is representing an active branch on natural computing. Membrane computing (also called P system) is mainly inspired from the functioning of the neural cells. In this book a historical survey of membrane computing is given, after that simulations of Boolean logic gates and basic database tasks using P system are represented, then a solution for the Rough P system problem is introduced, also how to apply the Rough P system to simulate the Boolean logic gates and basic database tasks is presented. Experimental Results show a comparison between the simulation of the two...

Vaccination is a method of stimulating resistant in the human body to specific diseases using microorganisms (bacteria or viruses) that have been modified or killed. Currently, the available vaccines are composed of killed or life attenuated the whole pathogens before being injected to the human body. Despite the advantages of such vaccines, there are a lot of potential safety problems such as incomplete inactivation of the killed pathogens or the evolution of the attenuated virus. Instead of the entire microbe, subunit vaccines include only the antigens that best stimulate the immune system....