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Globally, metal pollution is increasing ceaselessly owing to intensification in industrialization and anthropogenic activities. Moreover, the continuous amplification in metal concentrations in soil ecosystem beyond the threshold limit leads to serious ecological and health problems. To overcome their hazardous effects, many novel approaches to clean up the environment are already in practice. Bioremediation technologies are considered as relatively economical and safe approaches. This book covers all major bioremediation technologies in depth. Additionally, the practical...

Although many metal ions are essential as trace elements, they become toxic at concentrations higher than the threshold levels. In contrast to other pollutants, heavy metals cannot be chemically or biologically degraded and are ultimately indestructible; hence they cannot be removed easily from the environment. In metal stressed environment, bacteria have developed substantial resistance to metals. In addition to metal resistance, such bacteria have also been reported to exhibit substantial antibiotic resistance. The present book covers the various resistance mechanisms adopted by bacteria in...