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The present access services like video on demand, live streaming, online gaming etc. require enormous amount of bandwidth and traditional digital subscriber line technology fails to meet up this requirement. The next generation networks, in particular, hybrid WDM-TDM Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks provide the required bandwidth and reduce the operational expenditure. Laser sources used at the Optical Network Units increase the cost due the extra equipment required for stabilizing the operating wavelength. To overcome this, a centralized source is installed at the Optical Line Terminal...

This book describes the various advanced treatment methods for removal of multiple types of dyes from effluent stream. The different technologies illustrated in the book include adsorption, nanofiltration, advanced oxidation, micellar enhanced ultrafiltration, cloud-point extraction, and electrocoagulation.