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In 1991, the Somali government led b y Mohamed Siad Barre was brought to a violent end by a civil war. Barre, an army general who had seized power in 1969 through a coup d etat and had ever since ruled the Horn of Africa nation with an iron fist, was chased out of the capital, Mogadishu, in an orgy of death and destruction. The war had started in the northern parts of the country in the mid-1980 s but had gradually spread to the south. The uprising in the North was spearheaded by the Somali National Movement (SNM), an insurgency whose members hailed mostly from the Isaaq clan. Barre s...

This book offers an insightful and comprehensive exploration of the Inter-Governmental Authority for Development (IGAD) and its endeavours to foster economic and security regionalism in the dynamic landscape of the Horn of Africa. Established in 1986 as a drought-focused inter-governmental organization, IGAD has transformed into a sub-regional institution with an ambitious vision of promoting regional integration. However, amidst optimism, it grapples with historical, strategic, and geographical complexities that impede progress towards a more unified Horn of Africa. Adopting a political...