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Fertilizer consumption has increased three fold during the past 30 years. It reached one million nutrient tones in 1980/81, two million tons in 1992/93 and three million tons in 2002/03. Urea, today, is made in approximately 75 factories worldwide with a total capacity approaching 100,000,000 tons annually. Urea hydrolyzed by urease. Sodium Thiosulfate (ST) has been reported to inhibit nitrification and urea hydrolysis and thereby reduces volatilization of urea nitrogen as ammonia from soils fertilized with urea. A laboratory experiment was carried out by adding ST to urea (10 % by volume)....

In this study hyper-production of citric acid Aspergillus niger was carried out using agro-industrial residues as carrier substrates in solid state fermentation (SSF) of sucrose molasses medium. It was concluded from this study that banana stalk was a good carrier substrate among the six substrates (Corncobs, corn stover, wheat straw, wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse) used for citric acid production in SSF of molasses medium and SSF gave higher citric acid production as compared to liquid state fermentation (LSF). Mutants of Aspergillus niger were produced through UV irradiations, Ethyle...

Uricase is an important enzyme in the metabolism of purines catalyzing the oxidation of uric acid in the presence of oxygen, producing allantion, H2O2 and CO2. In humans and great apes, uric acid is the final product of the purine catabolism pathway - lower organisms express uricase which further degrades uric acid, however due to nonsense mutations in the urate oxidase gene (UOX pseudogene) it is not expressed in humans. Uricase enzyme was isolated from bovine kidney. The activity of crud uricase noted was3721.04 U/mL and 135.681 U/mg specific activity with 27.426 mg/mL of protein contents....

Aldose 1-epimerase or mutarotase is the enzyme that responsible for carbohydrate metabolism and converts the alpha anomer into beta anomer of glucose. This enzyme was extracted from bovine kidney cortex. Crude enzyme exhibited the activity of 14.92 U mL-1 with specific activity of 0.153 U mg-1 proteins. The enzyme activity and specific activity was increased to 53.75 UmL-1 4.981 Umg-1 respectively after 38-60% ammonium sulfate precipitation and it was further increased to 73.27 UmL-1 and 11.67 Umg-1 when subjected to diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose chromatography. Further purification was...