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The relationship between Europe and Islam has been complicated, if not troubled, throughout the thirteen centuries since Muslims first began playing a part in European history. This volume offers a compact, yet comprehensive look at the entire history of the interaction of Islam and Eureopean culture, religion, and politics.
Maurits S. Berger focuses in particular on the transformations that the figure of the Muslim and the image of Islam have undergone in the European mind. Conqueror, Antichrist, scholar, benign ruler, corsair, tradesman, fellow citizenthe Muslim has been all of those...

Legal pluralism denotes both the multiple social fields which produce partilly interacting norms and the state's recognition of the many sources of law which constitute its legislation. It advocates a break from traditional legal theory in favour of describing the law from a more sociological and anthropological perspective. The theory of legal pluralism proves a useful tool, offering a challenging avenue for the examination of socio-legal activities. Too often, however, the literature on legal pluralism has failed to place sufficient emphasis on its fundamental theoretical questions....