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Antibiotics are powerful natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic medicines that fight certain infections and stop it and can save lives when used properly. Several thousand tons of antibiotics and products of their transformation enter ecosystems every year besides the excretion from human and animal, as the antibiotics which incompletely removed and remain in the wastewater treatment plants effluent, leaching from landfills, septic systems, and sewer lines along with reuse of water for irrigation, waste from aquaculture, manure spread on agricultural fields, or via accidental spills and...

Wastewater consists of both organic and inorganic substance including pathogenic microorganisms, two important inorganic constituents in water are nitrogen and phosphorus that if left untreated cause detriment to the environment. The various effects of eutrophication due to excessive nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the aquatic environment leading to harmful algal blooms and loss of submerged aquatic vegetation and exert a direct demand on dissolved oxygen (DO) . For these reasons, it is important to eliminate nitrogen and phosphorus contamination of surface and ground water. Several...