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The nineteenth-century city was characterised by the development of a wide variety of voluntary associations and institutions which set out to address social problems and promote the public good. This book presents a study of voluntarism in the city of Bristol. Attention is focused first on the long-established endowed charities which funded poor relief, almshouses and schools; the author charts the decline of this form of giving in favour of the new benevolent associations of the eighteenth century, reflecting the centrality of the debate over the control of civic charities during the era of...

Financing Medicine brings together a collection of essays dealing with the financing of medical care in Britain since the mid-eighteenth century, with a view to addressing two major issues:

• Why did the funding of the British health system develop in the way it did?
• What were the ramifications of these arrangements for the nature and extent of health care before the NHS?

The book also goes on to explore the 'lessons' and legacies of the past which bear upon developments under the NHS.

The contributors to this volume provide a sustained and detailed...

Mutualism and health care, newly available in paperback, presents the first comprehensive account of a major innovation in hospital funding before the NHS. The voluntary hospitals, which provided the bulk of Britain's acute hospital services, diversified their financial base by establishing hospital contributory schemes. Through these, working people subscribed small, regular amounts to their local hospitals, in return for which they were eligible for free hospital care. The book evaluates the extent to which the schemes were successful in achieving comprehensive coverage of the population,...

Financing Medicine brings together a collection of essays dealing with the financing of medical care in Britain since the mid-eighteenth century, with a view to addressing two major issues:

• Why did the funding of the British health system develop in the way it did?
• What were the ramifications of these arrangements for the nature and extent of health care before the NHS?

The book also goes on to explore the 'lessons' and legacies of the past which bear upon developments under the NHS.

The contributors to this volume provide a sustained...

The environment is currently a matter of international public and academic concern, but is often considered separately from health issues. This book brings together work from environmental and health historians to conceptualise the connection between environment and health at different times and in different geographical locations.