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The study analyses early Romantic models of individuality and their relevance in the literature and philosophy of aesthetic modernism after 1945. Starting with Novalis, the self as a work of art is delineated in the way it manifests itself in figural constellations of androgynity, role-change, sex-change and various forms of love. Authors like Ingeborg Bachmann, Christa Wolf and Michel Foucault have directly taken their bearings from Novalis in plumbing the potentialities of a liberated creation of the self under the conditions dictated by modern power constellations.

Using exemplary historical scenarios, the present cultural history traces the transdisciplinary development of a psychosomatic discourse between the 18th and 20th centuries, thus closing a gap in research. The human being as a complete entity made up of body and soul is not only a topic for medicine, but is also of significance in literature and philosophy. The exchange processes between literature and knowledge are registered in concrete examples, and they demonstrate literature both as a cause of illness and a cure and as a method of representation and cognition.