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Constitutional review has become an essential feature of modern liberal democratic constitutionalism. In particular, constitutional review in the context of rights litigation has proved to be most challenging for the courts. By offering in-depth analyses on changes affecting constitutional design and constitutional adjudication, while also engaging with general theories of comparative constitutionalism, this book seeks to provide a heightened understanding of the constitutional and political responses to the issue of adaptability and endurance of rights-based constitutional review. Providing...

International Political Economy and Socialism is a revised and updated version of Professor Marie Lavigne's best seller, Economie Internationale des Pays Socialistes. It is a most timely revision in which she presents a comprehensive view of the strategies and achievements in the international trade of the Soviet Union, the GDR, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland and Romania. Marie Lavigne divides the book into three parts. In the first, she examines trading relations within the CMEA and with their partners in the South and West. In the second she focuses on the main categories of...

Confronted with the complex environmental crises of the Anthropocene, scientists have moved towards an interdisciplinary approach to address challenges that are both social and ecological. Several arenas are now calling for co-production of new transdisciplinary knowledge by combining Indigenous knowledge and science. This book revisits epistemological debates on the notion of co-production and assesses the relevant methods, principles and values that enable communities to co-produce. It explores the factors that determine how indigenous-scientific knowledge can be rooted in equity, mutual...

This work presents a general theory as well as constructive methodology in order to solve "observation problems," namely, those problems that pertain to reconstructing the full information about a dynamical process on the basis of partial observed data. A general methodology to control processes on the basis of the observations is also developed. Illustrative but practical applications in the chemical and petroleum industries are shown.