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The prison has often been the focus for concerns about human rights violations, and campaigns aimed at achieving social justice, for those with an interest in the criminalisation of women. To reduce the number of women imprisoned, a range of policy initiatives have been developed to increase the use of community-based responses to women in conflict with the law. These initiatives have tended to operate alongside reforms to the prison estate and are often defined as 'community punishment', 'community sanctions' and 'alternatives to imprisonment'. This book challenges the contention...

Since democracies are relatively new in Eastern Europe and little has been written, much can be learned from looking at the distinctive developments in both legal transitions and the process of criminalization.

This book brings together recent work from researchers and academics engaged in theory, policy and practice, and offers a significant contribution to the study of transition in the fields of criminology, law, philosophy and political science and a critical analysis of future directions in criminalisation in the emerging democratic states of Eastern Europe.