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This book illustrates various aspects and dimensions of cognitive cities. Following a comprehensive introduction, the first part of the book explores conceptual considerations for the design of cognitive cities, while the second part focuses on concrete applications. The contributions provide an overview of the wide diversity of cognitive city conceptualizations and help readers to better understand why it is important to think about the design of our cities. The book adopts a transdisciplinary approach since the cognitive city concept can only be achieved through cooperation across different...

Everyday political business in early modern cities took place under many different sources of tension. De facto establishment of the oligarchy in the government collided with the urban community’s expectations of participation and with the responsibility for common welfare which was supposed to be the guideline for policies in the municipal boards. Urban Elections and Decision-Making in Early Modern Europe offers new interpretations of the governmental techniques applied by urban elites to cope with these tensions.Written by leading historians of urban history and based on a broad...