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Picard's methodology has three stages: establishing the sound correspondences between a source language (such as Proto-Algonkian) and a target language (such as Arapaho); exploiting the concept of naturalness in phonological change to the fullest in order to construct working hypotheses as to what the most likely historical processes could have been, and to determine in a nonarbitrary fashion which processes could have taken place simultaneously; and ordering these processes in accordance with the various feeding, bleeding, counterfeeding, and counterbleeding relations that exist between a...

In the three-volume Dictionary of American Family Names, edited by Patrick Hanks (Oxford University Press, 2003), some 1,300 entries have been labeled as either origin unidentified or origin uncertain. This is due in great part to the fact that the largely traditional methods of onomastic research that were utilized in this work are insufficient to pierce through the radical Americanization of so many foreign surnames. The extensive phonological and orthographical modifications they have undergone can often render their etymology unrecoverable if one relies exclusively on matching...

This study is primarily concerned with the
issue of determining whether it is worthwhile to try to
teach the correct pronunciation of subphonemic segments in
ESL courses, focusing specifically on Flapping in North
American English (NAE). It begins by examining how
inadequately phonology textbooks have generally treated
Flapping and goes on to provide a comprehensive description
of this phonological process. Then, through an exhaustive
examination of the ESL and TESL pronunciation manuals that
...

This dictionary contains data not only on the origins of French surnames in Quebec and Acadia, a great many of which eventually spread to many parts of North America, but also on those which arrived in the United States directly from various French-speaking European and Caribbean countries. In addition to providing the etymology of the original surnames, it also lists the multifarious variants that have developed over the last four centuries. A unique feature of this work in comparison to other onomastics dictionaries is the inclusion of genealogical information on most of the Francophone...