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A behavioural study conducted on sixteen singly-housed zoo leopards in India showed that stereotypic pacing was found to increase with enclosure size. Food-anticipatory behaviour was observed in all leopards before and during feed time. Individuals that were studied on-exhibit and off-exhibit exhibited higher levels of stereotypic behaviour off-exhibit and higher levels of activity behaviour on-exhibit. The presence of visitors also had a detrimental influence on the behaviour repertoire of captive leopards. The utilisation of space differed between singly and group-housed leopards. Most of...

In India sugar industry is the second largest agro-based industry next only to textiles. Sugarcane yield is markedly influenced by soil fertility, climate, variety, moisture stress, weeds, insect pests and diseases. The estimated loss from insect pests account to nearly 20 per cent in cane yield. The recent havoc of previous decade Sugarcane Woolly Aphid (SWA), Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner has been a new addition to the key pests of sugarcane. Due to monoculture, availability of food round the year, soft cane and high sugar varieties and favourable climatic conditions some of the minor...