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Prolonged stress has long been shown to have major effects on the development of both type of diabetes mellitus, Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by the immune system attacking self-antigens. There is a failure or breakdown in immunological tolerance to allow this to happen. Prolonged physical or emotional stress can activate the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to induce production of the stress hormone glucocorticoid, causing abrupt thymus involution and result in escape of autoreactive T- cells. Though regulatory T-cells (Treg) are...

Chronic Psychological stress has several adverse effects both on HIV- people and on HIV+ patient. When the HIV- people are concerned, stress makes them more susceptible to HIV infection. T-cells have CXCR4 receptor and Macrophage have CCR5 receptor which can bind with both glucocorticoid and catecholamine hormone. HIV has GP120 protein which has to bind with both CD4 and CXCR4/CCR5 receptor for its entry into the host cells. Mental stress increases glucocorticoid and catecholamine concentration in blood. When these stress hormones, glucocorticoid and catecholamine, bind with the CXCR4/CCR5...