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With dramatic increases in on-chip packing densities, routing congestion has become a major problem in integrated circuit design, impacting convergence, performance, and yield, and complicating the synthesis of critical interc- nects. The problem is especially acute as interconnects are becoming the performance bottleneck in modern integrated circuits. Even with more than 30% of white space, some of the design blocks in modern microprocessor and ASIC designs cannot be routed successfully. Moreover, this problem is likely to worsen considerably in the coming years due to design size and...

Countries are loved by their citizens. But India deserves maximum love and care from her children as she is not an ordinary country. Firstly, she is a great mother. And she is a great country too. Book tells us why India should be loved immensely & deeply. It explains the exceptional greatness of India in earlier times on various counts and why India should regain her first position in the world soon. She has fed one-fourth of world's population cumulatively since time immemorial, in spite of having only 2.5-3.0% of world's land-area. Tolerance of her people and abundance of water & food,...

Extending the concept of Round Robin algorithm (RR) to incorporate user or system defined priority and consider the case of different arrival times of process and suggesting a novel approach that minimizes context switching overhead, average waiting time and turnaround time. Approach: We calculate Optimum Priority OP for each process which determines the order of execution of processes, Optimum Service Time OST for each process which determines time of execution of process in a single round and execute the processes in RR fashion using the calculated parameters. Results: Based on...