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Phasor measurement units (PMUs) are considered as a promising tool for future monitoring, protection and control of power systems. One of the applications of phasor measurements is state estimation. The first step in state estimation is to gather measured data from different substations in a power network. These measurements must be sufficient to make the system observable. This book adopts three algorithms for minimizing the size of the PMU configuration while allowing full observability of the network; Depth First Search (DFS), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Minimum Spanning Tree (MST)...

Over the past few decades, soft tissue augmentation has become an increasingly popular procedure, not limited to a specific age or sex group. It is not only utilized in beauty restoration but recently it has been found useful in treating different developmental defects. A wide range of products are available on the market today. Hyaluronic acid fillers, made from hyaluronic acid (a naturely occuring biopolymer) are one of the most commonly used fillers, owing to their nonimmunogenicity, biocompatibility & unique advantage of being reversible. This book provides a brief account of soft tissue...