Wyniki wyszukiwania:

The last sixty years witnessed an unprecedented expansion of international trade. The system created by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and later by the World Trade Organization (WTO) has proved to be an efficient instrument for the elimination of trade and tariff barriers. This process coincided with increased national regulatory controls, which were particularly visible in the area of risk regulation. Governments, responding to the demands of their domestic constituencies, have adopted a wide range of regulatory measures aimed at protecting the environment and human health....

Combining the insights of leading legal scholars and public health experts, this timely book provides up-to-date analysis of the various legal problems emerging at different levels of governance (international, European and national) in the context of the regulation of e-cigarettes. Expert contributors investigate the possible application of the precautionary and harm reduction principles in this area, examining the legal constraints imposed on states by international and European rules, as well as the regulatory approaches currently in place in selected national jurisdictions. This...

International courts and tribunals are often asked to review decisions originally made by domestic decision-makers. This can often be a source of tension, as the international courts and tribunals need to judge how far to defer to the original decisions of the national bodies. As international courts and tribunals have proliferated, different courts have applied differing levels of deference to those originial decisions, which can lead to a fragmentation in international law. International courts in such positions rely on two key doctrines: the standard of review and the margin of...